 |
 หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Phenotypic Diversity of Ethiopian Finger Millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn] in Relation to Geographical Regions as an Aid to Germplasm Collection and Conservation Strate ผู้เขียน: Kebere Bezaweletaw,  ดร.ประภา ศรีพิจิตต์, รองศาสตราจารย์ , ดร.วาสนา วงษ์ใหญ่, รองศาสตราจารย์ , ดร.วิภา หงษ์ตระกูล, รองศาสตราจารย์ สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractSixty-four accessions (960 individuals) of landraces collected from five former regions of Ethiopia and Eritrea covering different agro-ecologies were characterized for growth habit, ear shape, grain shape, grain surface, grain color and pericarp persistence. The objective was to study the pattern and phenotypic diversity of some characters in finger millet. The experiment was laid down in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The percentage frequencies of the phenotypic classes of each character were calculated. The Shanon-Weaver diversity index (H’) was used to estimate the magnitude of diversity. One way analysis of variance of the non-normalized H using regions was under taken for individual characters. All the character considered showed marked differences in their distribution and variation. In no cases monomorphic classes were observed. Regional wise, Gojam and Welega revealed the highest diversity (H’=0.84) while Eritrea showed the lowest (H’=0.67). There was an increasing trend of diversity from north to south. Overall characters revealed intermediate to high diversity ranging from 0.60 for pericarp persistence to 0.99 for grain surface. Ear shape (P?0.01), grain shape (Pd?0.05) and grain surface (Pd?0.01) showed different levels of diversity among regions as opposed to growth habit, grain color and pericarp persistence whose variations were attributed to among accessions. The overall mean diversity estimate was high (H’=0.82). Generally, the result revealed the existence of a vast range of diversity in the indigenous finger millet germplasm. |
 |
|
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Genetic Gain in Grain Yield Potential and Associated Agronomic Traits in Haricot Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)) ผู้เขียน:Kebere Bezaweletaw, Ketema Belete, ดร.ประภา ศรีพิจิตต์, รองศาสตราจารย์ สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractA yield potential experiment was conducted with 16 haricot bean varieties (10 released and 6 elite lines) developed by Ethiopian bean breeding program from 1972 to 1998 along with one local check (farmers’ variety). The objectives were to understand the genetic gain made in grain yield potential and to determine changes produced on agronomic traits associated with genetic yield potential improvement. The varieties were evaluated in RCB design at Awassa Agricultural Research Center experimental field to estimate the genetic gain in grain yield and the other fifteen agronomic traits. The analysis of variance revealed significant difference among varieties for all traits except the harvest index. The overall increase in grain yield over the local check, Red Wolayta, was estimated to be 1,604 kg/ha (82.4%). Based on the regression analysis, the estimated average annual rate of increase in grain yield potential was 69.45 kg/ha/year with an annual relative genetic change of 3.24%/year. Genotypic change was an important source of increased grain yield potential during the period studied. Absence of plateau indicated a possibility of further progress in grain yield using the same procedure, i.e. developing varieties from introduced germplasm. Correlation analysis indicated that grain yield was positively correlated with yield per plant, biomass yield, the number of seeds per plant, seed growth rate, grain yield per day and biomass production rate. The stepwise regression analysis showed that biomass yield was greatly contributed to the variation among the varieties in grain yield. Improvement for high grain yield was potential in haricot bean occurred over the past 26 years, in part, by grain yield improvement per se. However, the improvement was also associated with paralleled increase in biomass yield, the number of seeds per plant, seed growth rate, grain yield per day and biomass production rate. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Genetic Variation, Heritability and Path-Analysis in Ethiopian Finger Millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn] Landraces) ผู้เขียน:Kebere Bezaweletaw, ดร.ประภา ศรีพิจิตต์, รองศาสตราจารย์, ดร.วาสนา วงษ์ใหญ่, รองศาสตราจารย์, ดร.วิภา หงษ์ตระกูล, รองศาสตราจารย์ สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractA total of 66 finger millet accessions constituted of 64 landraces and two standard varieties were evaluated for 15 morpho-agronomic characters in randomized complete block design with three replications at Aresi-Negele Research Sub-Center in Ethiopia during 2004 main cropping season. The objectives were to assess the variability and association of characters. The mean squares of genotypes were highly significant for all characters. Relatively, grain yield per plant exhibiting the highest range (4.87-21.21g) and days to maturity showed the lowest range (143-200 days) of 336 and 40% where maximal values were greater than the corresponding minimal values, respectively. For all characters, the phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variations varied in the orders of 8.05-31.23% and 6.52- 24.21% in both cases for days to maturity and grain yield per plant, respectively. Heritability estimates ranged from 20% for grain-filling duration to 84% for days to heading. Values of expected genetic advance varied from 6.67-44.14% for grain-filling duration and finger width, respectively. Finger width and length exhibited high heritability coupled with high genetic advance. The strongest positive association was observed between culm thickness and leaf blade width while the strongest negative association was found between 1,000-grain weight and finger number. Grain yield per plant associated positively with productive tillers, 1,000-grain weight, the number of grains per spikelet and finger number and negatively associated with days to heading and maturity. The genotypic correlation and path-coefficient analysis showed 1,000-grain weight, finger number and productive tillers as a major contributor to grain yield per plant. Generally, the result revealed the existence of variability for the characters studied in finger millet landraces. Hence, this is a potential character of interest which could be used in the genetic improvement of finger millet through hybridization and/or selection. |
|
|